The first level of Government is known as the Federal Government. More information about the Government of Australia can be found here.
The Second tier of Government is known as the State Government more information about the State Government can be found here.
Third Tier of Government is known as the Local Government, more information can be found here.
The speaker is in the lower house. President is in the upper house. Leaders, Prime Minister, Premier, Leader of the Opposition. Senior members of government are ministers of portfolios who meet in cabinet (Minister for Defence, Minister for National Affairs etc). Opposition has 'shadow cabinet.'
Politicians have special Privileges
Including absolute privilege to say what they like while house is in the session.
This means: Free speech in parliament, Protection from the deframation laws, Journalists can quote from Hansard without fear of prosecution for defamation.
Common Law - Made by courts / judges when they interpret law and make rulings.
Statue Law - Made by parliament when passed bill becomes an act.
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